Phengaris is currently defined to include the genus maculinea. Pdf new information on the biology of maculinea nausithous and. Maculinea nausithous butterfly conservation armenia. Pdf lessons from the reintroduction of maculinea teleius. Lycaenidae based on morphological and ecological characters. New information on the biology of maculinea nausithous and maculinea teleius lepidoptera. New information on the biology of maculinea nausithous and m. The microbiome of the maculinea myrmica hostparasite. Pdf the biology and ecology of the large blue butterfly. Lessons from the reintroduction of maculinea teleius and m. Nausithous, the king of the phaeacians in the generation before odysseus washed ashore on their home island of scherie.
Pdf on the ethology and ecology of a small and isolated. Dusky large blue butterfly maculinea nausithous resting on a great burnet sanguisorba officinalis, wenger moor, salzburg, austria, europe. The hitherto unknown host ant specificity of these populations was investigated at two sites, where myrmica scabrinodis was the only potential host ant found. Orseg region transdanubia in westernhungaryandtransylvanianbasin,romaniaclosetoclujnapoca. Pdf butterflies of the genus maculinea are highly endangered in europe. Maculinea alcon and maculinea arion are infected in 100 %, each of these species with a single strain, but the infection level of maculinea nausithous and maculinea teleiusismuchlower,additionally,theyareinfect. The case of maculinea nausithous in the iberian peninsula.
Very few colonies of these butterflies survive, and leading conservation bodies have called for urgent research into their habitat requirements. The evolutionary history of this butterfly section is particularly important to understand the evolution of. Maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758 the large blue phengaris arion is a species of butterfly in the family lycaenidae. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Myrmekofilne motyle maculinea teleius i maculinea nausithous, ich gospodarze i roslina zywicielska. External characters of these populations completely. The ecology of myrmica free living myrmicaspecies in western europe, which could potentially act as hosts to. Based on this geographical variation in host ant use, elmes et al. Lycaenidae and their amplification in other maculinea species. Inside the ant nests, maculinea last instars spend 11 or 23 twoyear developer months increasing their body. Lycaenidae and their amplification in other maculinea. Materials and methods samples maculinea nausithous samples originated from 2 regions. Phengaris maculinea teleius butterflies select host.
In 1979 the species became extinct in britain but has been successfully reintroduced with new conservation methods. During a study of a small, relatively isolated population of glaucopsyche maculinea nausithous bergstrasser, 1779, nearly every new adult entering the population was individually marked in. No experimental evidence for host ant related oviposition in a parasitic. Distribution and biological peculiarities in armenia. Development of parasitic maculinea teleius lepidoptera, lycaenidae larvae in laboratory nests of four myrmica ant host species. The prevalence and the pattern of the infestation highly differ among maculinea species. The dusky large blue maculinea nausithous kijevensis. Population ecology of the endangered butterflies maculinea. We investigated the genetic population structure of two rare myrmecophilous lycaenid butterflies, maculinea nausithous and m. An maculinea in nahilalakip ha familia nga lycaenidae. A phylogenetic revision of the glaucopsyche section. Given that the selection of the appropriate degrees of free dom is not a. Microsatellite markers for the large blue butterflies maculinea nausithous and maculinea alcon lepidoptera. The proportion of variable allozyme loci, average heterozygosity and genetic differentiation among.
Maculinea butterflies are social parasites of myrmica ants. The species was first defined in 1758 and first recorded in britain in 1795. Myrmica host ants limit the density of the large blue maculinea nausithous 1718 3. Ecological studies have been made of all 5 european species of maculinea. In 1979 the species became extinct in britain but has been successfully reintroduced with new. The occurrence of maculinea butterflies in small, patchy populations, which are naturally vulnerable to extinction 53, together with changes in land use over the last century, have led to rapid declines of many populations and. Comparison of genetic population structure of the large blue. Polymorphic growth in larvae of maculinea butterflies, as. Maculinea nausithous exploits myrmica scabrinodis in. One or two small areas of northwest spain with the main distribution from central eastern france, switzerland, germany absent from the north and eastwards. The type species of the latter was the alcon blue m.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Trophic interactions and population structure of the large blue maculinea nausithous and its specialist. Abstract total evidence analysis, based on a combination of morphological and ecological characters with two mitochondrial sequences cytochrome c oxidase subunits i and ii and one nuclear elongation factor. Phylogeny and classification of the phengarismaculinea. No other species are similar, even amongst the other large blues, maculinea. Influence of mowing on the persistence of two endangered large. The dusky large blue phengaris nausithous is a species of butterfly in the family lycaenidae. It was first found and described in styria, austria, on mount hochschwab around 1700. Here, we present field and laboratory data on polymorphic larval growth in two other predatory species of maculinea. Details of a reintroduction of maculinea teleius scarce large blue butterfly and maculinea nausithous dusky large blue butterfly into a nature reserve in the netherlands are given. Maculinea nausithous bergstrasser, 1779 was recently discovered in two parts of the tran sylvanian basin. Trophic interactions and population structure of the large.
It is found in armenia, austria, azerbaijan, belarus, bulgaria, czech republic, france, georgia, germany, hungary, kazakhstan, moldova, montenegro, the netherlands, poland, romania, russia, slovenia, spain, switzerland, and ukraine the life cycle of this species is strongly related to the. Female lays eggs in the flowers of sanguisorba officinalis. Development of parasitic maculinea teleius lepidoptera. The evolution of alternative parasitic life histories in large blue. Summary 1 mowing influences two endangered butterfly species, maculinea nausithous and maculinea teleius, directly through egg. Lessons from spatial occurrence and abundance patterns of. Both oviposit on the flowerheads of sanguisorba officinalis, but spend most of their immature lives inside myrmica spp. He was the son of the god poseidon and periboia, the daughter of the giant king eurymedon. Pdf population ecology of the endangered butterflies maculinea. Butterflies of the genus maculinea are highly endangered in europe. The proportion of variable allozyme loci, average heterozygosity and. New facts on the life history of the dusky large blue maculinea nausithous lepidoptera. In europe, both species occur in highly fragmented populations and are vulnerable to local extinction. Maculinea alcon uses three different species of myrmica host ants along a northsouth gradient in europe.
Media in category phengaris nausithous the following 36 files are in this category, out of 36 total. Pdf reintroduction of maculinea teleius and maculinea. Maculinea nausithous occur in transylvania romania. Berger, designated it as a separate species in 1946. Geographical variation in hostant specificity of the. Maculinea alcon and maculinea arion are infected in 100 %, each of these species with a single strain, but the infection level of maculinea nausithous and maculinea teleius is much lower. This species was found to be less closely related to most other supposed members of maculinea than the traditional phengaris species, and hence the two genera were merged to form a monophyletic group. The behaviour and habitat requirements of maculinea. We, therefore, consider it important to analyse these two types of variation in parallel. Body mass distributions of prepupation larvae were bimodal in both species. We present the findings of a 2year research study on sympatric populations of two endangered butterflies. Although it was initially classified as a subspecies of p. Controversial patterns of wolbachia infestation in the. This page was last edited on 24 november 2014, at 02.
The clade, including all species of maculinea and phengaris, is very. It is known that maculinea larvae are picked up and carried to nests by. Pdf fourth instar larvae of the two obligately antassociated lycaenid species macuinea nausithous and m teleius are. The main discovery was that each maculinea species depends on a single, and different, host species of myrmica. The species is distributed at northwest spain and from central eastern france, switzerland, germany and eastwards up to russia, kazakhstan, and caucasus. Maculinea nausithous is the most endangered butterfly species in the iberian peninsula. Wolbachia infections mimic cryptic speciation in two. Comparison of genetic population structure of the large. According to homer, nausithous led a migration of phaeacians from hypereia to the island of scheria in order to escape the lawless. Phengaris rebeli formerly maculinea rebeli, common name mountain alcon blue, is a species of butterfly in the family lycaenidae.