A gas such as argon, nitrogen, hydrogen or air is injected into the arc inside the torch, turning it into a plasma with a temperature of more than 10. Plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of hightemperature gas to. In the plasma arc machining process, the material is removed by directing a high velocity jet of high temperature 1c to 28,000c ionized gas on the. It surrounds the arc and is used to help constrict the arc and cool torch. Water jet machining water jet cutting can reduce the costs and speed up the processes by eliminating or reducing expensive secondary machining process.
Chapter 1 early plasma cutting the plasmaarc cutting process saw its first commercial application in the early 1960s. Plasma arc welding is a liquid state welding process in which the metal to metal joint forms in a molten state. Its high accuracy, finishing, ability of machining any hard materials and to produce intricate shape increases its. Since the plasma arc cutting process is capable of handheld or machine torch cutting, metals ranging from thin gauge aluminum to 1 12inch carbon or stainless steel can be plasma cut. The energy and momentum of the highvelocity plasma jet generated by the plasma torch melts, vaporizes and removes the metal from the region of impingement of the. During this machining process, a small portion of metals is also eroded away, leaving a small cater. All aspects of mechanical, electrochemical and thermal processes are comprehensively covered. Parts, working principle, advantages, application and more. Called pam, this is a method of cutting metal with a plasmaarc, or tungsten inertgasarc, torch. View and download powerpoint presentations on plasma arc machining ppt. Plasma arc cutting uses an electrical arc formed from the nozzle to the surface being cut. Arc welding arc welding is the principal and most widely used industrial welding process. This paper investigates the effects and parametric optimization of process parameters for plasma arc cutting pac of en31 steel using grey relation analysis. Plasma arc machining pam kcg college of technology.
The basic arrangement for a plasma arc cutting torch, similar to the plasma arc welding torch, is shown in figure 1071. Here today we are going to study definition, working process, principle, advantages, disadvantages, and application note. Plasma arc machining is a metal removal process in which the metal is removed by focusing a highvelocity jet of high temperature 11,000c. A tungsten electrode is inserted to the gun and made cathode. Edm machining process is also known as spark erosion machining. The shield is the secondary gas in the plasma process. Plasma arc machining pam plasma arc machining pam is a material removal process in which the material is removed by directing a high velocity jet of high temperature 11,00030,000c ionized gas on ecause of the high temperature involved, the process can be used on almost all materials including those which are resistant to oxyfuel gas cutting. Edm involves the direction of highfrequency electrical spark discharges from a graphite or soft metal tool, which serves as an electrode, to disintegrate electrically conductive materials such as hardened steel or carbide. Plasma arc machining process, diagram, advantages and. These methods form a group of processes which removes excess material by various. A plasma arc cutting machine cutting the internal sections of a metal part.
It is mostly used for the metals that cannot be cut by an oxyacetylene torch. Laser beam machining is a nonconventional machining method. In electric discharge machining process an arc is produced when two currentcarrying wires are shortcircuited. It creates and protects the cutting environment which among other things affects the edge quality. Heat is generated by an electric arc which passes between a welding electrode and the metal pieces to be joined. The plasma arc cutting process is illustrated in fig. Early plasma cutters were large, slow, and expensive. The plasma arc cutting process employs a plasma torch with a very narrow bore to produce a transferred arc to the work piece at an average current density of within the bore of the torch.
Called pam, this is a method of cutting metal with a plasma arc, or tungsten inertgas arc, torch. Typical materials cut with a plasma torch include steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass and copper, although other conductive metals may be cut as well. In plasmaarc welding paw is an arc welding process, a concentrated plasma arc is produced and directed towards the weld area. In this part of the series the process fundamentals are described with emphasis being placed on the operating features and the advantages of the many process variants. Working principle of pam in the plasma arc machining process, the material is removed by directing a highvelocity jet of high temperature 1c to 28,000c ionized gas on the workpiece. Plasma arc cutting process is the nonconventional thermal process which is applicable to perform various operations such as cutting, welding, coating etc. Introduction plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of hightemperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about plasma arc machining ppt. Machine tool machine tool electricaldischarge machining edm. This channel is formed by faculty from bit to enhance the knowledge of students towards technical and fundamentals plasma arc machining is used for variety of industrial application. Plasma arc welding and machining seminar report pdf. Plasma arc cutting is machining process where material is cut by plasma arc. The term plasma, as employed in physics, means ionized particles.
The plasma arc machining process is used for cutting alloy steels, stainless steel, cast iron, copper, nickel, titanium, and aluminum, etc. Plasma arc machining or laser beam machining is that which is the last point. Plasma arc cutting process and equipment considerations twi. It is a quick cutting process, providing fast throughput, tolerance control, and repeatability. Plasma arc cutting, also referred to as plasma fusion cutting or plasma cutting, is a fabrication process which employs superheated, ionized gas funneled through a plasma torch to heat, melt and, ultimately, cut electrically conductive. The torch produces a high velocity jet of hightemperature ionized gas called plasma that cuts by melting and removing material from the. The key difference from gtaw is that in paw, by positioning the electrode within the body of the torch, the plasma arc can be separated from the shielding gas. A highvelocity jet flow of hot ionized gas melts the metal and then removes the molten material to form a kerf. Plasma arc welding is a liquid state welding process in which, the metal to metal joint forms in molten state. The plasma arc machining process was introduced to the industries in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges. Modern machining processes presents unconventional machining methods which are gradually commercial acceptance. The heat of the arc melts the edges of the pieces, fusing the joint.
Since no heat is applied on the materials, cut edges are clean. This process is based on an electrical arc between an electrode inside a torch and the workpiece. Working principle and process details are shown in figure. Plasma arc machining is the process in which the plasma super heated gases at very high velocity is directed on the work piece. Plasma is defined as a gas that has been heated to a sufficiently high temperature to become partially ionized and therefore electrically conductive. At the bottom of the articles you can easily download pdf. The plasma arc cutting process cuts metal by melting a section of metal with a constricted arc. Plasma arc welding paw is an arc welding process similar to gas tungsten arc welding gtaw. Cv kurnia abadi cnc plasma cutting, engaged in cnc plasma cutting based metal cutting services the manufacture of ornaments from steel metal to aluminum. Nontraditional processes ntp nontraditional cutting. Another very common thermal cutting technique is plasma arc cutting. Plasma arc machining is a metal removal process in which the metal is removed by focusing a highvelocity jet of high temperature 11,000c to 30,000c ionized gas on the workpiece.
It has been used in a variety of operations ranging from high volume welding of strip metal, to precision welding of surgical instruments, to automatic repair of jet engine blades, to the manual welding of kitchen equipment for the food and dairy industry. Pdf modeling the plasma arc cutting process using ann. Pdf the plasma cutting process is investigated experimentally in the. Optimization of process parameters in plasma arc cutting. This causes deformation of work piece to required shape. The torch produces a high velocity jet of hightemperature ionized gas called plasma that cuts by melting and removing. However, as with any piece of equipment you need to know how and why it does what it does and the necessary precautions to do the job safely. Plasma arc machining process does high temperature and high velocity contracted arc through an amount of gas between the electrode and the work material to be inscribe. Plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of high temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Plasma is a thermally highly heated up, electrically conductive gas, which consists of positive and negative ions, electrons as well as of excited and neutral. It can be used in many applications, including stack and shape cutting. Plasma arc machining process pdf plasma arc machining process pdf plasma arc machining process pdf download. Consequently, common applications for pac consisted of repeating cutting patterns in a massproduction mode. The objective of this work is to study the effects of plasma arc cutting process parameters on hazheat affected zone and bevel angle for low carbon steel 1010 material with thickness 4 mm, which.
The plasma process is equally suited to manual and automatic applications. Introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the industries in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges. Plasma arc machining plasma is defined as the gas, which has been heated to a sufficiently high temperature to become ionized. The plasma arc process has always been seen as an alternative to the oxyfuel process. Working principle plasma arc cutting is a very complex process that is used in order to cut steel and. Plasma arc machining pam plasma arc machining is a nontraditional thermal process. Here is a very brief account of the physics of paw with an eye to the needs of a welder. The plasma cutting process is described covering process characteristics, power source, cut edge quality and process variants dual gas, water injection, water. Plasma arc cutting process and equipment considerations. Plasma cutting is often used in fabrication shops, automotive repair and restoration, industrial. Plasma cutting is a process that cuts through electrically conductive materials by means of an accelerated jet of hot plasma. The electric arc is formed between an electrode which is usually but not always made of sintered tungsten and the workpiece. A plasma is an ionized very hot gas composed of nearly same numbers of electrons and ions. Plasma cutting services for high quality metal components.